??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???????. ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????. ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????.
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eepMind" ?? ????/ ???? 2016? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????. ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????. ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????.
??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ????? ???????. ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????????. ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? - ??? ????? ????? ???? 1996 -? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????. ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? (IHL) ?????? ???????. ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? (CCW).
??? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? 1979-1980? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????????. ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? - ?????????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? (?????? ??????? ?? 3 ????/ ????? 1996)? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????. ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????.
????? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? 2012-2013 ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? (CCW) ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? (LAWS). ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????. ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ???? 1949 ???????????? ????????? ???? 1977? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????. ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????—????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????—?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????????. ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??????. ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ??????. ????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? 2017. ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????. ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????. ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? "????? ???????" ?"???????" ?? ??? ????? ????.
??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ???? 2014 ? 2016. ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? - ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? - ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????. ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ????. ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? (GGE) ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????/ ?????? 2016? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????. ? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? "????? ??????? ????????"? ?? ?????? ?? 26 ??? 28 ????/ ???? 2014. ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? (UNIDIR)? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????????. ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? 36? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????.
???? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? 13 ??? 17 ????? ??????/ ??????? 2017. ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? "???? ???????" ?? ??????? ? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????. ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ?? ????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????????. ???? ??? ??????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? (LAWS). ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????????. ??? ???? ??????????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? 2018 ??? 1) ????? ??????? ??? ????? - ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? 2) ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? 3) ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ???????. ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? (LAWS)? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ?????.
??? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ??? 2018 ???? ?????? ?? ?????/ ????? ???/ ?????. ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? 9 ??? 13 ?????/ ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????. ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? "????? ???? ?????" ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????. ???? ????? ????????? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????. ????? ????? ??? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??? 2017 ?? ?????/ ????? 2018? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??/ ????? ?? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????.
????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????. ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????. ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????. ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????. ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????.
???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????. ??? ???? ??? ????? ??/ ????? 2018 ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????. ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????.
???????
[1] :?? "??????? ??????? ???????????" ???? ???? ??????? ?? 10 ?????/ ????? 1981? ????? ??? ?????? ?? 2 ????? ?????/ ??????? 1983. ?????? ??? ??????
?
